المجلد السادس - العدد الثاني - ديسمبر 2016

Experimental Model Design for Oilwell Drilling Rig Circulation System Studies, Part I

2016-12-01T00:00:00Z

Experimental Model Design for Oilwell Drilling Rig Circulation System Studies, Part I Mohamed Milad Ahmed In oil and gas industry, flow through the annulus between the rotating wall and stationary wall is a crucial issue, mainly for oil and gas well drilling processes. Good understanding of the flow behavior of drilling fluids between rotating drill pipes and open or cased hole is an essential element for successful and trouble free drilling operations. So in order to understand the behavior of flow through an annulus in most cases it wise to experimentally investigate the flow behavior. In most cases building an experimental model with real dimensions is a big challenge, also the large number of the parameters that associated with the physical phenomenon being studied may extra complicates the situation, so application of dimensional analysis and similarity approach will help in reducing the number of the parameters into limited number of dimensionless groups. In this part of the experimental model design, a dimensional analysis of the experimental model to be built were performed, it was found that, dimensional analysis helped in reducing the large number of the experimental parameters model dimensions to small limited number of dimensionless groups.

Role of Zingiber Officinale Rhizome Powder on Sex Hormones and Antioxidant Enzymes in The Male Rabbits

2016-12-01T00:00:00Z

Role of Zingiber Officinale Rhizome Powder on Sex Hormones and Antioxidant Enzymes in The Male Rabbits Tahani Y. Omar The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Zingiber Officinale rhizome powder administration ( 100 or 200 mg/kg) orally by gastric tube for 21days to male rabbits. Administration of Zingiber Officinale orally at dose 100 mg/kg caused a significant increase (p<0.05) on testosterone, FSH and LH concentration in the serum compared with control group. However, administration of Zingiber Officinale rhizome powder suspension orally at dose 200 mg/kg for 21 days, caused a non- significant increase in serum testosterone , FSH and a significant increase in serum LH compared with control group, The elevation of Testosterone, FSH and LH in G2 were 33.43% , 51.47% and 54.4%, and in G3 were 13.26%, 13.73 and 28.6% respectively when compared to control group. Administration of Zingiber Officinale rhizome powder suspension orally at dose 100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg for twenty one days, caused a significant elevation in the levels of GST (67.36% and 74.99 % ) and CAT (174.36% and 183.39% ), respectively when compared to control group. A significant (P<0.05) increase in GST (67.36% and 74.99 % ) and CAT (174.36% and 183.39%), respectively was observed in Zingiber Officinale treated animals at dose 100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg for 21 days compared with control group. In conclusion, the present study has demonstrated that, Zingiber Officinale rhizome powder suspension possess an androgenic and antioxidant activity in doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg respectively in adult male rabbits.

The Effect of Some Coalbed Methane Properties on Deep Thick and Shallow Thin Coalbed Methane Reservoirs

2016-12-01T00:00:00Z

The Effect of Some Coalbed Methane Properties on Deep Thick and Shallow Thin Coalbed Methane Reservoirs Ali Omran Nasar Recently, the industry has moved toward unconventional gas reservoirs to supply their demand of the energy. The unconventional gas reservoirs are new source of the energy in the world and especially in the United State of America (USA). The unconventional gas reservoirs are trapped in impermeable rock which cannot migrate. These gas reservoirs can be classify into Tight Gas, Coal Bed Methane, Shale Gas and, Methane Hydrates. Among these types of reservoirs the CoalBed Methane (CBM) covers the largest area in the USA. Some areas have been discovered and others not yet. Each area has different reservoir characteristics start with reservoir rock properties such as coal thickness and end with reservoir fluid properties such as gas content. As a result of discovering coalbed methane reservoirs (CBMs), many studies of understanding reservoir properties have been covered fairly. However, each study covers specific area of CBMs and specific reservoir characteristic. Moreover, the most challenging task for reservoir engineers is to understand of how the fluids flow in the porous media and how each reservoir parameter effects on the flow. This can be achieve by using reservoir engineering tools which provide a great view to engineers of how the fluid flow through the coal porous media. Some studies focused on deep CBMs but not thick or thin CBMs but not shallow. As a result, this study has been chosen to covers the effect of some reservoir properties on the gas production of deep thick and shallow thin CBMs. This can be accomplishing by building two reservoir simulation models for deep thick and shallow thin CBMs, to study the effect of some reservoir parameters. Four reservoir properties have been chosen in this study. These reservoir parameters are; Coal Permeability, Coal Porosity, Gas Content, and Desorption Time. The chosen of these reservoir parameters is because they have the most effect on the gas production of CBMs. Each reservoir parameter will be investigated individually when coal is deep thick and when coal is shallow thin. In the end, comparison between the obtained results will illustrate whither the deep thick CBMs has more influence on the gas production than shallow thin CBMs or not.

Using GIS For Water Resources Management in Nebraska: A Case Study

2016-12-01T00:00:00Z

Using GIS For Water Resources Management in Nebraska: A Case Study Mostafa Ali Benzaghta; Ahmed M. Al-Wadaey; Mohamed F. Dahab Groundwater nitrate contamination and water level decline are common concern in Nebraska. Intensive use of agrochemicals is the major source of nitrate and atrazine in Nebraska groundwater. This study was conducted to determine the increase of groundwater wells in some areas and the effect of land use “agriculture practices” on nitrate and atrazine concentrations in Nebraska using GIS tools and applications. Dams and lakes location in Lancaster County in southeast Nebraska were mapped along with nitrate and atrazine concentration in each location. GIS maps of land use, groundwater layer thicknesses, water table contours, rivers, and railroads were prepared. For nitrate and atrazine concentrations, the study showed that the high concentrations were associated with areas of intense irrigated crops (mostly corn and soybean) production. These high concentrations are attributed to high application of fertilizers and pesticides. The study also indicated an increased number of wells especially in the eastern part of the state. The study result however indicated that the groundwater layer thicknesses were associated with spatial well distribution. Areas near the rivers and railroads also had high numbers of irrigated wells due to accessible maintenance operations and lower cost of transportation.