http://dspace-su.server.ly:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/1885 2026-05-01T12:45:37Z http://dspace-su.server.ly:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/2011 Sunscreen Cream Formulation with Natural Ingredients, including Arabic gum and Beeswax Foundation Fathia A. Mosa; Randah O. Makhlouf The aim of this research was to develop sunscreen cream formulation with natural ingredients and calculated sun protection factor (SPF) for it. The sunscreen is prepared using water phase that includes distilled water as a main solvent, glycerine as a moisturizer, Arabic gum as a thickener, and citric acid as a preservative. The oil phase is composed of one of the following oils: paraffin oil, olive oil, sesame oil or pond oil, and beeswax foundation as emulsifier. Zinc oxide and titanium dioxide are both employed in sunscreen as inorganic physical sun blockers. The best cream texture was obtained in the case of using beeswax foundation as emulsifier by 8%. The best solubility of sunscreen cream is obtained using equal proportions of hexane and ethanol. An in vitro SPF (sun protection factor) of used samples is calculated according to Mansur’s method. Moreover, Mansur’s method calculates only SPF values of organic substances (triglyceride oils) but physical sun blockers (zinc oxide and titanium dioxide) cannot be calculated by Mansur’s method. By comparing SPF values for triglyceride oils, the best protection value is obtained using olive oil. For other oils were found to be around 6. Therefore it can be founded that triglyceride oils have absorbency in UV region so that these oils can be used in the formulation of sunscreens as emollients and sun blockers. This formulation of sunscreen cream is focused on using natural ingredients, creamy texture, and efficacy.. 2019-12-01T00:00:00Z http://dspace-su.server.ly:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/2009 Case Report of Gingivitis Artefacta in Libyan Female Child 5-Years Old Khyria Dhaw Omar Gingivitis artefacta is a type of periodontal disease caused by self- inflicted injuries to the gingival tissues. The injuries, most commonly, occur due to picking or scratching of the gingiva with fingernails or any foreign object. The purpose of this article is to review clinical findings in a patient who presented with gingival recession in the primary dentition. A case report of an 5-year-old girl with gingival recession in the both sides of mandibular and maxillary deciduous canines and molars was admitted to periodontics department. Upon questioning, the patient readily admitted traumatizing her gingiva with her fingernail. The cause of his behavior appeared to be of psychological origin, and therefore, Psychological support was suggested. Patient compliance, regular dental follow-ups, and psychological support may be useful in stabilizing the periodontal condition of this child and preventing injury of permanent teeth in future. 2019-12-01T00:00:00Z http://dspace-su.server.ly:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/2007 Active Control of Surge Compressor System Khalafullah A. Husayn Surge is an unstable operating mode of a compression system that occurs at mass flows below the so-called surge line. The instability is characterized by large limit cycle oscillations in compressor flow and pressure rise that reduce compressor performance. The paper described the dynamic behavior of centrifugal compressors. Then the compression system model is used to design an active surge control system. The developed surge control system was implemented on MATLAB-SIMULINK program with data of Solar Compressor in SIRT Oil Co. and presented in a simple form. 2019-12-01T00:00:00Z http://dspace-su.server.ly:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/2005 Case Report of Gingivitis Artefacta in Libyan Female Child 5-Years Old Khyria Dhaw Omar Gingivitis artefacta is a type of periodontal disease caused by self- inflicted injuries to the gingival tissues. The injuries, most commonly, occur due to picking or scratching of the gingiva with fingernails or any foreign object. The purpose of this article is to review clinical findings in a patient who presented with gingival recession in the primary dentition. A case report of an 5-year-old girl with gingival recession in the both sides of mandibular and maxillary deciduous canines and molars was admitted to periodontics department. Upon questioning, the patient readily admitted traumatizing her gingiva with her fingernail. The cause of his behavior appeared to be of psychological origin, and therefore, Psychological support was suggested. Patient compliance, regular dental follow-ups, and psychological support may be useful in stabilizing the periodontal condition of this child and preventing injury of permanent teeth in future. 2019-12-01T00:00:00Z