http://dspace-su.server.ly:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/2326 2026-05-01T12:45:50Z http://dspace-su.server.ly:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/2353 Design and Simulation of Torque Gauge Using Piezo-Resistive Duplex Strain M. Hilal Muftah; K. Petroczki; Omar M. Salih; A. A. Borhana; E. Awad Khidir Practices of information technology in the field of engineering, especially in the field of designs in the science of mechanical engineering, have become an important matter in the technical world today. In this research, a torque measuring device has been designed and simulated using a Piezo resistive Duplex Strain as an alternative to a Piezoresistive V-shaped strain. The experimental factors in these fields are often associated with the precise measurement of strains found in the elastic region. Based on the software of ANSYS simulation result, a design of a piezo-resistive metal gauge on the solid shaft is created. Thus, a design incorporating the Piezo-Resistive Duplex Strain Gauge on the shaft of a torque sensor is performed. The results of the simulation revealed the amount of strain transferred from the shaft to the substrate, as well as to the gauge that can be attributed to the torque applied. Theoretical studies on the piezo-resistive metallic gauge found on a solid shaft as well as on the torque sensor are discussed. The maximum of 95.862με for every single Duplex Strain, as well as a maximum resistance change in gauge (grid) = 0.04Ω, is obtained for an applied torque value of 22.1Nm relating to the earlier design, which has a maximum of 127.29 με for using four sections and a maximum resistance change in gauge equal to 0.091Ω were achieved for an applied torque of 22.0725 Nm. It can be said that Modeling and Simulation have become an integral part of research and development across many fields of study, having evolved from a tool to a discipline in less than two decades. Modeling and Simulation Fundamentals offers a comprehensive and authoritative treatment of the subject matter and includes definitions, paradigms, and applications to provide skills needed to work successfully as developers and users of modeling and simulation. 2023-12-01T00:00:00Z http://dspace-su.server.ly:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/2351 Growth Mechanism, Kinetics and Thermodynamics Evaluation of Silver Nanoparticles Prepared by Aqueous Seeds Extract of Ziziphus Spina-Christi Abudelrhman Faraj; Mohamed Erhayem; Mansour Faraj in the present study, silver nanoparticles, Ag-NPs have been prepared by a Aqueous Seeds Extract of Ziziphus Spina-Christi as reducing agent and a solution of silver nitrate (AgNO3). From poly nuclear growth rate model, the rate of growth was found to be equals 0.0011 nm/min. Different morphologies of silver colloids could be obtained using different temperature. The reduction kinetic of Ag+ was followed the second order model. Also, the synthesis of Ag-NPs was endothermic reaction and spontaneous at medium and high temperature while non spontaneous at low temperature. Gibbs free energy of formation was not constant and was changed with radios of Ag-NPs 2023-12-01T00:00:00Z http://dspace-su.server.ly:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/2348 Experimental Comparison Between Conductive and Capacitance Wire-Mesh Sensors to Predict Gas Void Fraction and Flow Regimes in Vertical Pipes Almabrok Abushanaf Almabrok A comparative study of conductive and capacitance wire-mesh sensors was carried out for a wide range of gas velocities and for a fixed liquid velocity of 1.5 m/s. The two instruments were mounted on the vertical pipe at the highest and lowest positions of the downward and upward orientations in order to predict the gas void fraction and establish various flow regimes. The principle of conductive WMS is based on the discrepancies between the conductivity of the gas and liquid, while the principle of capacitance WMS is based on the variation of the permittivity between the two-phase. During the run of the experiments, the frequency was set at 1,000 Hz for one minute. Averaged time traces of gas void fraction and its probability density function (PDF) and distributions of gas void fraction were applied to confirm the similarities or discrepancies between the two techniques. It was observed that the gas void fractions obtained by both techniques displayed similar behavior. Although conductive WMS exhibited higher void fraction values than those measured by capacitance WMS. The cross-sectional and sliced images (i.e., reconstructed images) were also extracted from conductive and capacitance wire-mesh sensors at higher and lower locations of the upward section, which were used as another means to confirm the above-mentioned results. It was noted from the images that both devices depicted similar flow patterns for each particular flow rate. 2023-12-01T00:00:00Z http://dspace-su.server.ly:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/2346 The Effects of Gamma Radiation on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene A. A.KHALIL In this study, polypropylene (PP) samples were manufactured using the hot-pressing technique. The influence of gamma ray irradiation exposure time (0, 2, 4, and 6 hours) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of commercial polypropylene (PP) has been investigated using an optical microscope and tensile test. All the samples were subjected to gamma irradiation in the presence of air. The microstructure and tensile tests were performed for non-irradiated and irradiated samples. The results show that the microstructure of polypropylene changes from a rough surface to fracture-like defects at 2, 4, and 6 hours. The stress and strain of polypropylene (PP) are increased markedly at an exposure time of 4 hours. It is identified that the tensile stress and strain have increased to 21.5 MPa and 7.2%, respectively, which amounts to an improvement of 30.3% and 24.1%, respectively. On the other hand, the irradiation exposure time of 6 hours can deteriorate the mechanical properties; it is identified that the stress and strain are decreased to 19.42 MPa and 6.6%, respectively. 2023-12-01T00:00:00Z