العدد العاشر اكتوبر 2021

Molecular Characterization of Biosurfactant Producing Lactobacillus strains and their Physicochemical Properties

Tue, 01 Oct 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Molecular Characterization of Biosurfactant Producing Lactobacillus strains and their Physicochemical Properties Abdalsadiq, Nagea; .A Abdalrahim, Ola. M; . M Qowaider, Salema R Biosurfactants or surface-active compounds are biodegradable, non-toxic and ecofriendly compounds released by microorganisms. Biosurfactants are amphiphilic compounds cause surface tension reduction both aqueous solutions and hydrocarbon mixtures. The main purpose of this work was to characterize biosurfactant produced by Lactobacillus strains. Identification using 16s rDNA identified the isolates as L. acidophilus Effect different parameters (temperature, PH and Salinity) were studied to evaluate the stability of biosurfactant after treatment. In addition, critical micelle concentration of biosurfactant, emulsification index and viscosity reduction of palm and engine oils have been studied. The results revealed that, the biosurfactant from L. acidophilus and L. pentosus maintains its emulsifications activities unaffected in the wide range of parameter's study except slightly decreasing in emulsification index values at salinity 15%. The maximum reduction in surface tension was 18.05 mN/m with minimum concentration of critical micelle concentration of 7.5 mg/ml and high decrease of palm and engine oil viscosity of 110.1 and 165.3% respectively. This study concluded that, the emulsification activity, the surface activity and the stability to heat treatment, different PH and salinity of biosurfactant of Lactobacillus strains revealed the application of the biosurfactant in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics industries and oilrecovery. السير الشخصية للمؤلفين Nagea Abdalsadiq، Zoology Department, Science Faculty, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, El-Beida-Libya Zoology Department, Science Faculty, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, El-Beida-Libya Ola. M.A Abdalrahim، Zoology Department, Science Faculty, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, El-Beida-Libya Zoology Department, Science Faculty, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, El-Beida-Libya Salema R. M Qowaider، Medicin Faculty, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, El-Beida-Libya Medicin Faculty, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, El-Beida-Libya المراجع Rferences Cameotra, S.S., Makkar, R.S., Kaur, J, & Mehta, S.K. 2010. Synthesis of biosurfactants and their advantages to microorganisms and mankind. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 672:261–280. Mukherjee, S., Das,P., & Sen, R. 2006. Towards commercial production ofmicrobial surfactants.TrendsBiotechnol 24, 509–515. Banat. I. M., Franzetti.A., Gandolfi. I., Bestetti .G,mMartinotti M. G., Fracchia, L., Smyth,T.J., & Marchant, R. 2010. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology June, 87, 2: 427 444. Mcinerney, M. J., Javaheri, M. & Nagle, D. P. 1990. Properties of the biosurfactant produced by Bacillus licheniformis strain JF-2. J. Ind. Microbiol., 5, 95-102. 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Biosurfactant-Producing Lactobacilli: Screening, Production Profiles, and Effect of Medium Composition. Applied and Environmental Soil Science. Article ID 201254. Khopade, A., Biao, R., Liu, X., Mahadik, K., Zhang, L &Kokare, C. 2012. Production and stability studies of the biosurfactant isolated from marine Nocardiopsis sp. B4. Desalination 3, 198–204. Augustin, M., Hippolyte, M.T &Ra€ıssa, K.R., 2013. Antibacterial activity of Lactobacillus’ biosurfactants against Pseudomonas spp. isolated from fresh beef. Novus Int. J. Biotechnol. Biosci., 2, 7–22. Gudina, E. J., Teixeira, J.A. & Rodrigues, L. R. (2010). Isolation and functional characterization of a biosurfactant produced by Lactobacillus paracasei. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, :298-304. Augustin, M., Majesté, P. M., Hippolyte, M.T & Léopold, T. N. 2015. Effect of Biosurfactants Extracted from a Locally Fermented Milk (Pendidam) on Its Shelf Life. Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology. Vol. 3(1): p. 12-22. Rodrigues, L., Banat, IM., Teixeira, J & Oliveira, R. 2006. Biosurfactants: potential applications in medicine. J Antimicrob Chemother. Vol. 57: p. 609–618. Joshi, S., Bharucha, C. & Anjana. 2008. “Production of biosurfactant and antifungal compound by fermentedfoodisolateBacillussubtilis20B”.J.DesaiBioresourceTechnology.Vol. 99. p. –4608. Fernandes, E.C.Retal. 2013. “Study of Biosurfactant “Cocktails” with EnhancedProperties. (Master Thesis)”. Minho's University, Portuguese. pp. 3. Rodrigues, L., Teixeira, J., Oliveira, R. & Van der Mei, H. 2005. “Response surface optimization of the medium components for the production of biosurfactants by probiotic bacteria”. Process Biochemistry. Vol. 41: p.1-10. FracchiaL, Cavallo M, AllegroneG & Martinotti MG. 2010. ALactobacillus-derived biosurfactant inhibits biofilm formation of human pathogenic Candida albicans biofilm producers. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2:827–837. Batista, S.B., A.H. Mounteer, F.R. Amorim, & M.R. Totola. 2006. Isolation and characterization of biosurfactant/bioemulsifier-producing bacteria from petroleum contaminated sites. Bioresource Technology. Vol. 97: p. 868-875. Siripun, S. 2011. Isolation of Biosurfactant–Producing Bacteria with Antimicrobial Activity against Bacterial Pathogens. Environment Asia. Vol. 4 (1): p. 1-5. Bento, M., Camargo, F. D. O., Okeke, BC &Frankenberger WT Jr. 2005. Diversity ofbiosurfactant producing microorganisms isolated from soils contaminated with diesel oil. Microbiol Res. Vol. 160 (3): p. 249-255. Satpute, S.K., Banat, I.M., Dhakephalkar, P.K., Banpurkar, A.G., et al., 2010. Biosurfactants, bioemulsifiers and exopolysaccharides from marine microorganisms. Biotechnol. Adv., 28, 436– Cooper, D. G., C. R. MacDonald, S. J. B. Duff, & N. Kosaric. 1981. Enhanced production of surfactin from Bacillus slubtilis by continuous product removal and metal cation additions. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 42:408-412, 1981. Nadielly R. Andrade Silva, Marcos A. C. Luna,André L. C. M. A. Santiago, Luciana O. Franco, Grayce K. B. Silva,Patrícia M. de Souza, Kaoru Okada,Clarissa D. C. Albuquerque, Carlos A.Alves da Silva,andGalba M. Campos-Takaki. 2014. Biosurfactant-and-Bioemulsifier Produced by a Promising Cunninghamellaechinulata Isolated from Caatinga Soil in the Northeast ofBrazil. Campos-Takaki Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2014, 15, 15377-15395. Extracted from a Locally Fermented Milk (Pendidam) on Its Shelf Life. Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology. Vol. 3(1): p. 12-22. Rodrigues, L., Banat, IM., Teixeira, J & Oliveira, R. 2006. Biosurfactants: potential applications in medicine. J Antimicrob Chemother. Vol. 57: p. 609–618. Joshi, S., Bharucha, C. & Anjana. 2008. “Production of biosurfactant and antifungal compound by fermentedfoodisolateBacillussubtilis20B”.J.DesaiBioresourceTechnology.Vol. 99. p. –4608. Fernandes, E.C.Retal. 2013. “Study of Biosurfactant “Cocktails” with EnhancedProperties. (Master Thesis)”. Minho's University, Portuguese. pp. 3. Rodrigues, L., Teixeira, J., Oliveira, R. & Van der Mei, H. 2005. “Response surface optimization of the medium components for the production of biosurfactants by probiotic bacteria”. Process Biochemistry. Vol. 41: p.1-10. FracchiaL, Cavallo M, AllegroneG & Martinotti MG. 2010. ALactobacillus-derived biosurfactant inhibits biofilm formation of human pathogenic Candida albicans biofilm producers. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2:827–837. Batista, S.B., A.H. Mounteer, F.R. Amorim, & M.R. Totola. 2006. Isolation and characterization of biosurfactant/bioemulsifier-producing bacteria from petroleum contaminated sites. Bioresource Technology. Vol. 97: p. 868-875. Siripun, S. 2011. Isolation of Biosurfactant–Producing Bacteria with Antimicrobial Activity against Bacterial Pathogens. Environment Asia. Vol. 4 (1): p. 1-5. Bento, M., Camargo, F. D. O., Okeke, BC &Frankenberger WT Jr. 2005. Diversity ofbiosurfactant producing microorganisms isolated from soils contaminated with diesel oil. Microbiol Res. Vol. 160 (3): p. 249-255. Satpute, S.K., Banat, I.M., Dhakephalkar, P.K., Banpurkar, A.G., et al., 2010. Biosurfactants, bioemulsifiers and exopolysaccharides from marine microorganisms. Biotechnol. Adv., 28, 436– Cooper, D. G., C. R. MacDonald, S. J. B. Duff, & N. Kosaric. 1981. Enhanced production of surfactin from Bacillus slubtilis by continuous product removal and metal cation additions. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 42:408-412, 1981. Nadielly R. Andrade Silva, Marcos A. C. Luna,André L. C. M. A. Santiago, Luciana O. Franco, Grayce K. B. Silva,Patrícia M. de Souza, Kaoru Okada,Clarissa D. C. Albuquerque, Carlos A.Alves da Silva,andGalba M. Campos-Takaki. 2014. Biosurfactant-and-Bioemulsifier Produced by a Promising Cunninghamellaechinulata Isolated from Caatinga Soil in the Northeast ofBrazil. Campos-Takaki Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2014, 15, 15377-15395. التنزيلات PDF منشور 2023-11-21 كيفية الاقتباس Nagea Abdalsadiq, Ola. M.A Abdalrahim, & Salema R. M Qowaider. (2023). Molecular Characterization of Biosurfactant Producing Lactobacillus strains and their Physicochemical Properties . مجلة البيان العلمية, (10), 483–473. استرجع في من https://journal.su.edu.ly/index.php/bayan/article/view/2350 المزيد من صيغ الاقتباسات إصدار عدد 10 (2021): العدد العاشر اكتوبر-2021 القسم Articles ISSn مجـلة البيـان العلمية المحكمة تصـدر عن نقابة اعضـاء هيئـة التدريـس بجامعة سرت ، وتخضع لإشراف الهيئة الليبية للبحث العلمي، وتنشر من قبل جامعة سرت رقم الايداع بدار الكتب الوطنية بنغازي (212 /2019) Coverage: 2018-2023 ISSN:2790-0614 Links روابط - عن المجلة - الرؤية والرسالة والأهداف - كلمة هيئة التحرير - أعضــاء هيئة التحرير - الهيئـــة الاستشاريـــة - سياسات و شروط النشر - مخالفة أخلاقيات البحث والنشر - النشر والاشتراك - نموذج طلب نشر - تحميل قالب المجلة bayan.j@su.edu.ly viztor اللغة العربية English المعلومات للقراء للمؤلفين لأمناء المكتبات الكلمات المفتاحية ليبيا الجبل الأخضر طرابلس الجامعات الليبية التضخم الشعير مضادات الأكسدة العناصر المعدنية الاكتفاء الذاتي زغاليل العلاج طبيعي Bilirubin الهوامش التسويقية التكاليف التسويقية محاصيل الخضر تاجر الجملة فطريات، طبرق الإدارة التعلم الإلكتروني استخدام الطاقة البديلة السجل اليوريا المعتقدات الممارسات الغريب العدد الحالي شعار Atom شعار RSS2 شعار RSS1

Community pharmacists and other pharmacy practitioners’ perception toward pharmaceutical services of over-the-counter medications in Benghazi city, Libya: a cross sectional study

Tue, 01 Oct 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Community pharmacists and other pharmacy practitioners’ perception toward pharmaceutical services of over-the-counter medications in Benghazi city, Libya: a cross sectional study Shaboun, Seham; Elraid, Ghaliah H. الخلفية: يمكن تعريف الأدوية التي لا تستلزم وصفة طبية (OTC) على أنها الأدوية التي يمكن بيعها بدون وصفة طبية من ممارس طب مسجل. إنه مقبول بشكل عام للمرضى أن يعالجوا أمراضهم الغير الخطيرة بأنفسهم بسهولة بالادوية التي يسهل شراؤها (OTC) من صيدليات المجتمع، ومع ذلك ، فإن مثل هذه العملية وإمكانية في سهولة الشراء و الوصول قد فرضت بالتأكيد عددًا من القضايا على مدى العقود القليلة الماضية ، منها قضايا إساءة الاستخدام ، والإفراط في تناول الأدوية أو تناولها بشكل غير لائق ، وتخفيف الأعراض أو الحالة الصحية لأمراض أكثر خطورة. الهدف: أجريت هذه الدراسة للتحقق من فهم صيادلة المجتمع وغيرهم من ممارسي الصيدلة ، في مدينة بنغازي الليبية، للقضايا المتعلقة بصرف الأدوية التي تصرف بدون وصفة طبية والتركيز على دورهم وممارستهم وآرائهم ومنظورهم المستقبلي فيما يتعلق بإدارتها باستخدام استبيان ورقي. الطريقة: تم تصنيف البيانات وإدخالها وتحليلها باستخدام التحليل الوصفي بالنسبة المئوية والتكرار. بينما استخدم اختبار Chi-square لاختبار العلاقة بين المتغيرات الفئوية بمستوى دلالة يساوي (p <0.05). النتائج والمناقشة: كانت نسبة الاستجابة (67٪) ونسبة الصيدالة بين المشاركين (58.96٪) مما يشير إلى أن الأدوية التي لا تتطلب وصفة طبية والأدوية الأخرى يتم صرفها من قبل (41.01٪) من غير الصيادلة مما يجعلها غير آمنة في بعض الحالات. تم إساءة استخدام الأدوية التي تصرف بدون وصفة طبية والمضادات الحيوية والأدوية الموصوفة من قبل كل من الصيادلة وممارسي الصيدلة الآخرين مع عدم وجود فرق احصائي كبير (P> 0.05). كانت الأدوية التي يتم صرفها عادة بدون وصفة طبية هي المسكنات وخافضات الحرارة. بينما ، كانت الأعراض تعتمد على السكان. السير الشخصية للمؤلفين Seham Shaboun، Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benghazi, Benghazi-Libya Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benghazi, Benghazi-Libya Ghaliah H. Elraid، Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benghazi, Benghazi-Libya Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benghazi, Benghazi-Libya المراجع References: Abduelmula, R. A., Enas, Z. E., Israa, N. S., Nesreen, M. A., & Warda, M. I. (2018). Perception of Over-the-Counter Drug Advertising among Pharmacists in Abu Dhabi, UAE. Arch Phar & Pharmacol Res, 1(1), 1-6. Agaba, E. I., Agaba, P. A., & Wigwe, C. M. (2004). Use and abuse of analgesics in Nigeria: a community survey. Nigerian journal of medicine: journal of the National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria, 13(4), 379-382. Ajuoga, E., Sansgiry, S. S., Ngo, C., & Yeh, R. F. (2008). Use/misuse of over-the-counter medications and associated adverse drug events among HIV-infected patients. Research in social and administrative pharmacy, 4(3), 292-301. Akram, G. (2000). Over-the-counter medication: an emerging and neglected drug abuse?. 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A study on over-the-counter drugs in retail pharmacies in Indore city. Der Pharmacia Lettre, 3(3), 133-138. Tesfamariam, S., Anand, I. S., Kaleab, G., Berhane, S., Woldai, B., Habte, E., & Russom, M. (2019). Self-medication with over-the-counter drugs, prevalence of risky practice and its associated factors in pharmacy outlets of Asmara, Eritrea. BMC public health, 19(1), 1-9. Tillett, J., Kostich, L. M., & VandeVusse, L. (2003). Use of over-the-counter medications during pregnancy. The Journal of perinatal & neonatal nursing, 17(1), 3-18.

Evaluation Of Hepatoprotective Activity Of Aqueous Extract Of Indian Costus Roots On Paracetamol Induced Hepatotoxicity In Albino Mice

Tue, 01 Oct 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Evaluation Of Hepatoprotective Activity Of Aqueous Extract Of Indian Costus Roots On Paracetamol Induced Hepatotoxicity In Albino Mice Saad, Kaula. A.; Abdalsalam, Nagia. A.; Abdalla, Intisar.O.; Alkailani, Hanan. A. القسط الهندي من النباتات التي تستخدم كثيرا في الطب الشعبي في علاج الكثير من الامراض مثل السرطانات وامراض الدم والامراض التنفسيه وقد كان الهدف من هذا البحث هو دراسة تاثير مستخلص جذور القسط الهندي علي السميه الكبديه المستحدثه في الفأران بواسطة عقار الباراسيتامول واعتمدت الطريقه علي تقسيم الفأران لخمس مجموعات هي ا ,ب ,ج ,د ,ه حيث كانت المجموعه أ هي المجموعه الضابطه وحقنت المجموعه ب بالجرعه العلاجيه لعقار الباراسيتامول وهي 14 ميكروجرام لكل كيلو جرام من وزن الجسم بينما حقنت المجموعه ج بالجرعه السميه وهي 85 ميكروجرام لكل كيلو جرام من وزن الجسم داخل الغشاء البروتيني لمدة اربع ايام وجرعت المجموعتين د و ه بالمستخلص المائي لجذور القسط الهندي عن طريق الفم لمدة اربع ايام ثم حقنت في اليوم الخامس بعقار الباراسيتامول بالجرعات العلاجيه للمجموعه د والجرعه السميه للمجموعه ه لمدة اربع ايام ثم ذبحت الفأران وتم ارسال عينات الدم الي المختبرلفحص انزيمات الكبد وهي انزيم ناقلة الالانين وانزيم ناقلة الاسبرتات وانزيم الفوسفاتاز القلوي واخذت عينات من الكبد لاجراء الفحص النسيجي وتبين من النتائج ان المستخلص المائي لجذور القسط الهندي سبب في انخفاض الاثار السميه علي الكبد التي سببها عقار الباراسيتامول في المجموعات د و ه مقارنتاً بالمجموعتين ب و ج التي لم تجرع بمستخلص القسط الهندي مايشير الي ان القسط الهندي يمكن ان يستخدم كعلاج للسميه الكبديه الناتجه عن تعاطي الادويه ويحتاج لاجراء المزيد من الابحاث. السير الشخصية للمؤلفين Kaula. A. Saad، National Center of Diseases Control - Tripoli- Libya. National Center of Diseases Control - Tripoli- Libya. Nagia. A. Abdalsalam، Department of Clinical Diagnostic- Faculty of VetrinaryMedicine-Omar Al-mukhtar University-Albeida-libya Department of Clinical Diagnostic- Faculty of VetrinaryMedicine-Omar Al-mukhtar University-Albeida-libya Intisar.O. Abdalla، Department of Pathology- Faculty of VetrinaryMedicine-Omar Al-mukhtar University-Albeida-libya Department of Pathology- Faculty of VetrinaryMedicine-Omar Al-mukhtar University-Albeida-libya Hanan. A. Alkailani، Department of Pharmacology-Faculty of Vetrinary Medicine-Omar Al-mukhtar University-Albeida-libya. Department of Pharmacology-Faculty of Vetrinary Medicine-Omar Al-mukhtar University-Albeida-libya. المراجع : References: Baiaan H. Al Saadi, Shoaa H. AlHarbi, Sabrin R. M. Ibrahim, Amal A. El-Kholy, Dina S. El-Agamy, and Gamal A. Mohamed(2018): Hepatoprotective activity of Costus Speciosus against Paracetamol -Induced liver Injury in mice : Afr J Tradit Complement A ltern Med., 15 (2): 35-41 Bannwarth B, Pehourcq F 2003: Pharmacologic basis for using paracetamol: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic issues. Drugs. 2003 ;63 Spec No 2:5-13. Bavarva,J.H. and Narasimhacharya, A. V. (2008). Antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Costusspeciosus in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Phytother. Res., 22: 620-626. Bergmeyer, H.U., M. Horder and R. Rej. (1986a). Approved recommendation on IFCC methods for the measurement of cata-lytic concentration of enzymes. Part II. IFCC method for aspartame aminotransferase. J. Clin Chem. Clin. Biochem. 24: 497-508 Bergmeyer, H.U., M. Horder and R. Rej (1986b). Approved recommendation on IFCC methods for the measurement of cata-lytic concentration of enzymes. Part III. IFCC method for alanine aminotransferase. J. Clin. Chem. Clin. 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The role of High performance liquid chromatography to Identification of rat liver microsomes responsible for the in-vitro metabolite formation of Dipyrone

Tue, 01 Oct 2024 00:00:00 GMT

The role of High performance liquid chromatography to Identification of rat liver microsomes responsible for the in-vitro metabolite formation of Dipyrone Abdalla, Salem Omran Ali Dipyrone is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), commonly used in the past as a powerful painkiller and fever reducer. It is better known under the brand names Conmel®, Neo-Melubrina®, Magnopyrol®, Prodolina F®, Analgin®, and Novalgin®. Because of the risk of serious adverse effects, its use is justified only in serious situations where no alternative is available or suitable. السيرة الشخصية للمؤلف Salem Omran Ali Abdalla، Manara university, Pharmacy faculty, Department of Pharmacology Private Univerisity, Latakia, Syria Manara university, Pharmacy faculty, Department of Pharmacology Private Univerisity, Latakia, Syria المراجع References Asmardi G and Jamali F (1983) High-performance liquid chromatography of dipyrone and its active metabolite in biological fluids. J Chromatogr 277:183-189. Blaisdell J, Mohrenweiser H, Jackson J, Ferguson S, Coulter S, Chanas B, Xi T, Ghanayem B and Goldstein JA (2002) Identification and functional characterization of new potentially defective alleles of human CYP2C19. Pharmacogenetics 12:703-711. Bonkowsky JL, Frazer JK, Buchi KF and Byington CL (2002) Metamizole use by Latino immigrants: a common and potentially harmful home remedy. Pediatrics 109:e98. Brune K and Otterness I (1988) In vivo and in vitro assessment of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Baillieres Clin Rheumatol 2:295-307. Cheng Y and Prusoff WH (1973) Relationship between the inhibition constant (K1) and the concentration of inhibitor which causes 50 per cent inhibition (I50) of an enzymatic reaction. Biochem Pharmacol 22:3099-3108. Flusser D, Zylber-Katz E, Granit L and Levy M (1988) Influence of food on the pharmacokinetics of dipyrone. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 34:105-107. Geisslinger G, Bocker R and Levy M (1996) High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of dipyrone metabolites to study their formation in human liver microsomes. Pharm Res 13:1272-1275. Hemeryck A and Belpaire FM (2002) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and cytochrome P-450 mediated drug-drug interactions: an update. Curr Drug Metab 3:13-37. Huskey SW, Dean DC, Miller RR, Rasmusson GH and Chiu SH (1995) Identification of human cytochrome P450 isozymes responsible for the in vitro oxidative metabolism of finasteride. Drug Metab Dispos 23:1126-1135. Levy M (1986) Pharmacokinetics of metamizol metabolites. Agents Actions Suppl 19:199-204. Levy M, Zylber-Katz E and Rosenkranz B (1995) Clinical pharmacokinetics of dipyrone and its metabolites. Clin Pharmacokinet 28:216-234. Naritomi Y, Terashita S, Kagayama A and Sugiyama Y (2003) Utility of hepatocytes in predicting drug metabolism: comparison of hepatic intrinsic clearance in rats and humans in vivo and in vitro. Drug Metab Dispos 31:580-588. Nelson AC, Huang W and Moody DE (2001) Variables in human liver microsome preparation: impact on the kinetics of l-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM) n-demethylation and dextromethorphan O-demethylation. Drug Metab Dispos 29:319-325. Pereira PC, Barraviera B, Marcondes J, Leite CV, Meira DA, Inoue T and Morceli J (1985) [Progressive subacute paracoccidioidomycosis. Treatment of a patient with amphotericin B and parenteral feeding]. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 27:268-273. Sadusk JF, Jr. (1965) Planning in the Food and Drug Administration for Regulation of Prescription Drug Advertising. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 18:332-336. Salsali M, Holt A and Baker GB (2004) Inhibitory effects of the monoamine oxidase inhibitor tranylcypromine on the cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP2C19, CYP2C9, and CYP2D6. Cell Mol Neurobiol 24:63-76. Tisi DK, Emard JJ and Koski KG (2004) Total protein concentration in human amniotic fluid is negatively associated with infant birth weight. J Nutr 134:1754-1758. Vlahov V, Badian M, Verho M and Bacracheva N (1990) Pharmacokinetics of metamizol metabolites in healthy subjects after a single oral dose of metamizol sodium. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 38:61-65. Volz M and Kellner HM (1980) Kinetics and metabolism of pyrazolones (propyphenazone, aminopyrine and dipyrone). Br J Clin Pharmacol 10 Suppl 2:299S-308S. Wang B, Sanchez RI, Franklin RB, Evans DC and Huskey SE (2004) The involvement of CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 in the metabolism of 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol. Drug Metab Dispos 32:1209-1212. presents the contributor to the main of metabolism of metamizole in rat liver