Abstract:
The drug cyclophosphamide (CP) has harmful genetic effects when used with a dose of 5 mg/kg body mass. For this reason, this study was carried out to determine these harmful effects and try to reduce these effects by using the metabolic extract of ginger. Chemotherapeutic treatments are linked to a variety of undesirable outcomes, the most dangerous of which are mutagenesis acts. To measure the possible anti-mutagenic and ginger extract's ability to prevent chromosomal abnormality in bone marrow cells. Four groups, each with seven animals, were used in the experiment. The first group, the control group, consisted of negative control rats fed a regular meal and purified water. In contrast, the second group was given oral cyclophosphamide at a daily amount of 5 mg/kg body mass for four weeks. The third group (the test group), for the duration of four weeks, received 200 mg of ginger extract per kilogram of body weight every day. The fourth group, the protective group, received two phases of treatment: first, 200 mg/kg body mass of ginger extract was given, and then, two hours later, cp (5 mg/kg body mass daily) was received verbally for four weeks. In the CP group, notable changes existed in the chromosome genes of the somatic and mitotic index and an increased frequency of chromosomal changes in terms of structure and number. These results describe the chromosomal effects of CP free radicals. Chromosome aberration is reduced in comparison to the test group when ginger extract is used; chromosomes in bone marrow cells are negatively impacted by CP. Chromosomal studies in bone marrow cells of rats indicate that the CP at 5mg/Kg causes an increase in the level of chromosomal aberrations. These aberrations include ring chromosomes, breaks in the chromosomes and chromatids and in the centromere region, and other aberrations. However, when the ginger extract was given before the CP, the level of chromosomal aberration defects was reduced in comparison with the positive control. The current study concludes that the ginger extract had an anti-mutagenic effect when given at the dose of 200g /Kg before the CP. It can be used as a protective and therapeutic treatment agent since it has a preventive effect against the mutagenic effects of CP.
