Abstract:
Abstract: The development of high-efficiency and eco- friendly solar cells is a pivotal issue in solar energy research, as they provide sustainable solutions to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and limit environmental pollution. Perovskite solar cells are among the most promising options for renewable energy technologies, due to their ability to achieve high efficiencies, especially when combined with silicon in tandem configurations. This study aims to design and simulate a lead-free tandem solar cell made of tin-based perovskite (MASnI3) and silicon, using SCAPS-1D simulation software. The efficiency was optimized by simulating the thickness of the active and passive layers and selecting the materials to achieve optimal performance. Simulation results showed that the proposed design (ITO/ZnO/MASnI3/C-SiOx (n)/P- Si/P+-Si) achieved a power conversion efficiency of 27.35%, with an open-circuit voltage of 0.768 V, a high short-circuit current density of 42.06 mA/cm2, and a fill factor of 84.64%. The effect of temperature rise on the performance of the solar cell was also simulated, and the cell showed very reasonable thermal stability and was in the optimal range for tandem solar cells. These results confirm that lead-free tandem solar cells based on MASnI3 and silicon are a promising option for providing clean and safe energy, enhancing their potential for future fabrication and application.
